Earlier this year, Chinese scientist Junjui Huang set out to edit the genomes of human embryos using an enzyme called Crispr/Cas9, a process which will allow the removal of genetic mutations within our DNA, potentially eradicating some well known and ferocious hereditary diseases.
Researchers at The Francis Crick Institute in London, want to use the technique used by Junjui Huang to carry out research into infertility issues; however, naturally the technique is under scrutiny due to controversial and law issues.
In the UK, it is illegal to use gene altering embryos for IVF; however, a permit can be obtained for research purposes if the embryos are destroyed after. Although the government fertility watchdog has received the application for the permit, it will take time to come to a decision regarding the matter.
Group leader of the institute, Prof Robin Lovell-Badge, added that attempts to use the technique to alter the genes of embryos intended for reproduction would be “foolish” at this stage. He states, “We are fortunate to have good regulations in the UK that permit research with a licence, but not the implantation of any embryo that has had its genome modified.”
The process involves using the central dogma of molecular biology, which is the sequence DNA undergoes during its process from DNA to RNA using transcription and RNA to protein using translation. This process is used in DNA replication, making it the building blocks of our bodies.
Cas9, a derivative from bacteria, is attached on an RNA guide and its job is to find a target sequence within the DNA. The RNA aligns with the DNA sequence, allowing Cas9 to attach and cut the DNA. The DNA cuts can then be amended or deleted to alter the genetic code.
Dr Kathy Niakan, the research leader at The Francis Crack Institute, said the aim was to understand the genes that human embryos need to develop successfully. “Importantly, in line with HFEA regulations, any donated embryos would be used for research purposes only.”
Since the introduction to this technique, many have begun questioning it’s impact on the future. Will are science fiction films soon become a reality. Will our future hold weird and wonderful technologies that elongate our lifespan and customise specific features. Is that where our future is heading, a world of designer babies?
Although this does sound promising, many countries and scientific communities seem to be at either end of the argument, due to the morality issues attached to the technique. Whilst some may use the technique to eradicate a number diseases, others may use the technique to ‘enhance’ our offspring’s physical and intellectual form. Until the future is more certain, the debate on this revolutionary technique will continue.
Image credit: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
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