Written by: XRC
Governments over the world have been suppressing people since the beginning of time. Governments have used the most brutal and horrific of ways to suppress people and their freedom – torture, fake encounters, genocide, rape, disappearances, and sponsored media, who hide this homicide. These are the same governments who claim to be the messiahs of freedom and equality, the models of democracy, and those who claim to be working for the development of the people.
Just think of an area of the size of France being wiped out in genocide. The whole population being massacred, millions being displaced, children being snatched from their parents, people becoming refugees in their own country, and so on. If you think that such things just don’t happen in our ‘peaceful’ world, then you are definitely mistaken. Just because the ‘sponsored, corporate’ media doesn’t cover such things doesn’t mean that it doesn’t happen at all. Darfur, a region in Sudan, of the size of France, has been witnessing all this since 1989. Home to about 6 million people from over 100 tribes, Darfur is a Muslim-majority region of Sudan. 
In 1989, General Omar Bashir took control of Sudan by military coup, which then allowed The National Islamic Front government to inflame regional tensions. Governments and rulers since ages have been looking forward to acquire more and more territory. In reality the rulers just want the lands, not the people. In a struggle for political control of the area, weapons poured into Darfur. Conflicts increased between African farmers and many nomadic Arab tribes.
Just in a bid to rise against the Government oppression, In 2003, two Darfuri rebel movements- the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)- took up arms against the Sudanese government, complaining about the marginalization of the area and the failure to protect sedentary people from attacks by nomads. The government of Sudan responded in a horrific manner. They unleashed on the Darfuri people Arab militias known as Janjaweed, or “devils on horseback”. Sudanese forces and Janjaweed militia attacked hundreds of villages throughout Darfur. Over 400 villages were completely destroyed and millions of civilians were forced to flee their homes. 
The Government sponsored Janjaweed have effectively complete impunity for any actions against civilians, which have come to include systematic torture of tribals, rape of civilian women, collective reprisals (against families, neighborhoods, and villages), shooting to death of children who just are too young to understand anything, and attacks targeting medical personnel, human rights activists, and journalists.
In the ongoing genocide, African farmers and others in Darfur are being systematically displaced and murdered at the hands of the Janjaweed. The genocide in Darfur has claimed 400,000 lives and displaced over 2,500,000 people. More than one hundred people continue to die each day; five thousand die every month. The Sudanese government disputes these estimates and denies any connection with the Janjaweed. 
As the conflict in Sudan is in its 25th year, central and state authorities have done little to stop the widespread practice of genocide by the Janjaweed in Darfur. Indeed, when confronted with the evidence of genocide, time and again by the International Criminal Court, the Sudanese government has attempted to impugn the integrity of the people. The Sudanese government appears unwilling to address the human rights crisis in the region and has not taken the necessary steps to restrict the activities of the Janjaweed. In June 2005, the International Criminal Court (ICC) took the first step in ending impunity in Darfur by launching investigations into human rights violations in Darfur. However, the government of Sudan refused to cooperate with the investigations.
This occupation has had all the typical attributes of any genocide, in unusually intense and prolonged form. For most of the last 25 years, Darfur has been under various flavors of de facto or de jure martial law, with killings, rape, torture, and illegal detention without trial everywhere, and official suspension of many of the norms of democratic governance and civil liberties.
People have also been crushed with heavy rollers, burned, stabbed with sharp instruments, and had objects such as chilies or thick sticks forced into their rectums. Sexual mutilation has been reported. Subjugated, humiliated, tortured and killed by the Government sponsored militias, the people of Darfur have been living through sheer hell for more than 25 years, the result of an increasingly brutal campaign of state repression. Sudan hides behind its carefully-crafted image of “non-violence” and presents itself in international forums as a model of democracy and Pluralism. All journalists, especially television crews, were expelled from Darfur. With no intrusive cameras to record the brutalities of the Government, the world has been kept largely in the dark.
By beginning TV cameras and prohibiting the presence in Darfur of the International Red Cross and of human rights organizations, the Sudanese government has tried to keep Darfur out of the news.
On March 4, 2009 Sudanese President Omar al Bashir, became the first sitting president to be indicted by ICC for directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur. The arrest warrant for Bashir follows arrest warrants issued by the ICC for former Sudanese Minister of State for the Interior Ahmad Harun and Janjaweed militia leader Ali Kushayb. The government of Sudan has not surrendered either suspect to the ICC.
Darfuris today continue to suffer and the innumerable problems facing Sudan cannot be resolved until peace is secured in Darfur. According to UN estimates, 2.7 million Darfuris remain in internally displaced persons camps and over 4.7 million Darfuris rely on humanitarian aid. Resolving the Darfur conflict is critical not just for the people of Darfur, but also for the future of Sudan and the stability of the entire region.
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Sources:
http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide-in-sudan.htm
Something has to be done to help these people, to stop things like this from happening.
The Masalit are a Tribe located throughout the region known as Dar Fur. Their history is one of agriculture and trade. With their location being close to Egypt and the Nile, history of the area dating back to 2300 BC. And the large Arabic, Islam population that traveled through the area. With this influential power trading within the area it subsequently adopted the Masalit into the nation of Islam. The Quran has been part of the culture for centuries and is followed devoutly throughout the Masalit.
The current developments of the region link back to the history and interaction between these two nations, interaction between the Arabic Muslims and the African Muslims has taken a turn to the point of Genocide, enacted by Omar Al Bashir (Sudanese President) who enlisted primarily the nomadic Arabic tribesman who were know for their livestck, but now they have added blood, rape, murder, theft, arson, and money to their repertoire, known as the Janjaweed. In later years, President Salva Kiir Mayardit of the youngest country on the planet, South Sudan would become another key player in the systematic genocide of the Masalit.
This group is known as the Janjaweed, funded and supported by Al Bashir have been in direct conflict with these tribes since the early 90’s. These attacks are not just racial in nature, but of a much more primitive need, survival. With years of droughts and growing conflict between the Arab Nomads and the Farming communities of the Masalit found themselves in a prime location in regards to resources for these tribes.
Al Bashir, in his monetarily driven goals chose to fund and support the Janjaweed militias. He did this by supplying the militia with arms, munitions, food, transport and military assistance. The Janjaweed were known for their brutality of burning villages, raping, the murder of woman, children and even infants in the most horrendously imaginable ways. This group in part played a proxy role for the Sudanese government and their long-term goals. The Janjaweed had those who fought against them, the SPLM (Sudan People’s Liberation Movement)
Constructivist’s view of the rabbit hole
Looking at the brief history of cultural integration and ethnic diversity we have the staging ground for the “Why” behind the Masalit genocide. We have our frontline players all lined up and ready to be analyzed. The Masalit are known as a strong independent group of devout African Muslims, they support the unification of Sudan as a nation, supporting all tribes, religion and ethnic backgrounds. The also drew support from Dr. John Garang, Garang, considered to be the Father of South Sudanese resistance and the chief of the SPLM had wanted everything that the Masalit desired as well, his dream was a United Sudan. His dreams bared fruit in January of 2005 during the signing of the Comprehensive Peace treaty signed in January 2005. This was short lived, as was his life when his helicopter malfunctioned and caused his death just six months after the signing.
With this tragedy is where you see the first steps in what is becoming a web of the “Why” for this State. With Garang dead, along with his dream, civil wars breakout throughout South Sudan. These disputes are only minor players as a whole, it is there impact as a whole that we need to dig deeper into. Within parts of South Sudan and western parts of Sudan known as Darfur you see the oil caches that spot the region. Oil, being the most profitable export of the region and money corrupting absolutely, you see where we are going to go.
Masalit
Oil
Al Bashir of Sudan and Salva Kiir Mayardit of South Sudan have continued to support the genocide of the Masalit, but their reasons are for monetary gain. They use the wants and needs of the Janjaweed to act out their larger goals. These two presidents have one goal in mind, oil and allies. The area where one of the largest oil caches is located in the center of one of the last few tribal areas for the Masalit. This area also has the major pipeline in which the oil travels to the coast in Sudan. With the oil fields being in both sides of the border and the pipeline for distribution going through both, unification has to a certain degree taken hold, but only for profit through bloodshed.
Lets dive down the rabbit hole. With oil being a driving resource for profit in the region we need to see who it is going to. China receives 40% of all oil produced within both states. With the economic needs of a country the size of China we understand the magnitude of these pipelines staying at peak production. Keeping China happy is monumental on a global scale. These two states have become a proxy within the region, not for reasons of religion, social, political or even a military stand point, but resources. These resources bring a large profit to both States, making leaders from both sides a substantial profit.
Now this profit does not all go to the States themselves. A majority of these oil companies may operate within the region, but are jointly owned. China Natural Petroleum being one of the major stakeholders with stakes in Petodar and Greater Nile Petroleum. Continuing to follow the money we need to look at where this money is going. The profits being made by both Sudanese States has been being funneled into large International banks. The two banks that we will focus on will be HSPC and BNP Parabis . In recent news both have been fined or in the process of being fined on a scale larger than that in history in regards to laundering money because of their dealings with countries under UN sanctions.
Choosing to follow the money has been my equation for this situation, so why don’t we find out that helped make this all possible. First we have the chairman of HSPC, Stuart Gulliver, Gulliver has an extensive reach into economics of China, monetary authority board of Singapore, International advisory board of China Banking regulatory Commission of the Peoples Republic of China. These are his current affiliations outside of his position within HSPC.
BNP Parabis and the Chairman, Baudouin Prot, Prot was deputy to the prefect of the Franche-Comte region, Inspector of Finance at the French Treasury and deputy to the energy and raw materials director general in the Ministry of Industry from 1974-1983. From here he joined the BNP, holding multiple positions within the Bank he finally became Vice President in 1992, Chief Executive officer in 1996 and finally Chairman of the board in 2011. With his connections within raw materials and energy you see where these connections could fall into play.
Theory
The reach of these atrocities touches everyone; it is why we need to always go further than just the local and regional conflict itself. You have to ask “Why”.
Our equation has all the variables that we need to approach this with. When you look at the reach of this, you need to look at the global impact from the top down. China needs, oil, Sudan needs monetary and social stability, the dictators/presidents of these nations need to be removed, the global banks need to be monitored, Sudanese Arabs and Africans need basic resources and social structure.
Developing oversight committees that focus on international funds within certain regions, focusing on policing the support of the banks to finance those who make a profit off of bloodshed. Creating groups for each region that report directly to the UN as to squelch the profits of this region from reaching foreign soil for the use of funding genocide. The next step enforcing UN sanctions against these nations, keeping weapons out of these states as well as receiving imported resources. Doing this stops gaining a profit for oil off of bloodshed with China. Taking the arms away from the Janjaweed as well as the two Sudanese states we allow, to a certain degree of the bloodshed to slow and the steps to creating balance and peace throughout the region.
By disrupting the supply of munitions and monetary gain between these two States we have cut off their ability to fund their goals. This trickle down affect can have to outcomes, both which need to be addressed. First being with a monetary collapse, what will the continued loss of money will do to the cost of life and with this cost of life is it worth the cost with or with out a military presence from other Nations? Taking the steps to remove those in power out we can ultimately move in and stop the atrocities to the Malasit, these steps have a delicate balance that will need to be respected from the bottom up. The Malasit of taken the brunt of the global requirements of the world by helping them we need to be aware of the ripple it makes to the top.
I understand the magnitude and how far the ripples go, creating this balance, is one of grand scale, with many players all holding a stack of cards. In theory following the steps and upholding them, unfortunately even through war at times, may be a fallout in this day and age. The goal is not for the continued bloodshed, but the slowing stop though global support for the sake of the people of the planet as a whole, understanding everyone is equal.
Bibliography
Oil for China, Guns for Darfur, By Moira Herbst March 14, 2008, http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-03-14/oil-for-china-guns-for-darfurbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice
Baudouin Prot
http://www.forbes.com/profile/baudouin-prot/
http://www.bnpparibas.com/en/about-us/corporate-governance/board-directors/members-board
Stuart Gulliver, http://www.hsbc.com/about-hsbc/leadership/stuart-gulliver
Masalit
http://orvillejenkins.com/profiles/masalit.html
http://ancienthistoricalsociety.com.thesacredsociety.org/MasalitTribe.html
Darfur Destroyed: Ethnic cleansing by government and militia forces in Western Sudan
Human Rights Watch
Published on 07 May 2004, http://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/darfur-destroyed-ethnic-cleansing-government-and-militia-forces-western-sudan
From the Masalit, http://www.darfurna.com/Darfur/Evidance/MASSALEIT_of_Sudan.htm, Darfur Destroyed, May 2004, https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/sudan0504/index.htm
Aljazeera , Sudan and South Sudan agree to protect oil fields from fighting., January 6th 2014, http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/1/6/sudan-and-south-sudanagreetoprotectoilfieldsfromfighting.html
SPLM Leaders in Canada Defected to the Opposition; Declared Kiir’s Government ‘Genocidal’,South Sudan Newspaper,June 2nd, 2014,http://www.southsudannewsagency.com/news/press-releases/splm-leaders-in-canada-defected-to-the-opposition
Was South Sudan a mistake?, The Guardian, Simon Allison, January, 2014,http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/08/south-sudan-war-mistake
Exclusive: BNP hands years of oil trading files to U.S. in $10 billion probe
BY RON BOUSSO AND DMITRY ZHDANNIKOV
LONDON Mon Jun 16, 2014 10:56am EDT
Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/16/us-bnp-paribas-fines-trading-idUSKBN0ER1GA20140616
BNP Paribas probed for $100billion money laundering scheme., NY Post, June 4th 2014 , By Kevin Dugan, http://nypost.com/2014/06/04/bnp-paribas-probed-over-100b-money-laundering-scheme/
Independent statistics and analysis, May 30th 2013, http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=su
Thank you all for the real truth.